Tuesday 30 April 2013

Cheating favors extinction

Apr. 30, 2013 ? Cooperative behaviour is widely observed in nature, but there remains the possibility that so-called 'cheaters' can exploit the system, taking without giving, with uncertain consequences for the social unit as a whole. A new study has found that a yeast colony dominated by non-producers ('cheaters') is more likely to face extinction than one consisting entirely of producers ('co-operators'). The findings, published April 30 in the open access journal PLOS Biology by Alvaro Sanchez and Jeff Gore from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are the results of the first laboratory demonstration of a full evolutionary-ecological feedback loop in a social microbial population.

The researchers found that while a cooperative yeast colony that survives by breaking down sucrose into a communal supply of simple sugars can support a surprisingly high ratio of freeloaders -- upwards of 90 per cent -- a sudden shock to its environment is highly likely to result in catastrophe.

"One of the main things we were interested in was the idea that natural selection can have an effect on the ecology of a population, so that as a population is evolving, natural selection affects the ecological properties," said Dr Sanchez.

The researchers studied a cooperative species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae or 'baker's yeast', focusing on two strains: one which had the SUC2 gene that produces the enzyme invertase (the co-operators), and one lacking SUC2 (the cheaters) making it unable to produce this enzyme. Invertase breaks down sucrose in the environment to liberate glucose and fructose that can be used by all yeast cells in the colony.

"We were very surprised by the fact that the total population size for the mixed group (consisting of both co-operators and cheaters) was about the same at equilibrium as the total population size in the absence of cheaters (i.e. purely co-operators). We didn't expect that," Dr Sanchez explained. "If it weren't for the fact that the co-operators and cheaters were labelled with different colours, it would have been very hard to tell whether the population contained any cheaters or not."

This was the case when the environment was benign. But when those stable populations were suddenly exposed to a harsh environment, all of the pure co-operator populations survived, while just one of six mixed populations adapted to the fast deterioration in conditions, the researchers found.

Benjamin Allen, Assistant Professor of Mathematics at Emmanuel College and Martin A. Nowak, director of the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics at Harvard University, co-authored an accompanying Primer in PLOS Biology, "Cooperation and the Fate of Microbial Societies."

"The experiments of Sanchez and Gore beautifully illustrate the central dilemma in the evolution of cooperation. The yeast society depends on cooperation, but if cooperation is plentiful, 'cheaters' can exploit the generosity of others. This leads to cycles of cooperation and exploitation," said Dr Allen.

The researchers found that an eco-evolutionary feedback loop links changes in population size, and their effects, with changes in the frequency of specific genetic types in the population. During the competition for survival between co-operators and cheaters, they showed that if the population starts off with sufficient co-operators then the social properties of the yeast spiral towards a final equilibrium position that comprises a stable mixture of co-operators and cheaters. However, if the initial population density, or the initial proportion of co-operators, is too low, then not enough simple sugars are produced, and the colony dies out.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Sanchez A, Gore J. Feedback between Population and Evolutionary Dynamics Determines the Fate of Social Microbial Populations. PLoS Biol, 2013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001547

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Yy1IruA_P7M/130430194259.htm

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Saturday 27 April 2013

Japan to allow airlines to resume 787 flights

TOKYO (AP) ? Japan's transport minister says the government is poised to allow Japanese carriers to resume flying the Boeing 787 once they complete repairs to problematic lithium ion batteries.

Transport Minister Akihiro Ohta says in a statement on the ministry's website that the approval could come as early as Friday night following an expected official safety order from U.S. federal regulators.

The 50 of the jets in service worldwide were grounded in mid-January following a battery fire on a 787 Dreamliner and a smoking battery that led to an emergency landing by another 787 in Japan.

All Nippon Airways, which has 17 Dreamliners in its fleet, and JAL, with seven, have had to cancel hundreds of flights over the problems.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/japan-allow-airlines-resume-787-flights-075835088--finance.html

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Friday 26 April 2013

New imaging technology could reveal cellular secrets

Apr. 25, 2013 ? Researchers have married two biological imaging technologies, creating a new way to learn how good cells go bad.

"Let's say you have a large population of cells," said Corey Neu, an assistant professor in Purdue University's Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering. "Just one of them might metastasize or proliferate, forming a cancerous tumor. We need to understand what it is that gives rise to that one bad cell."

Such an advance makes it possible to simultaneously study the mechanical and biochemical behavior of cells, which could provide new insights into disease processes, said biomedical engineering postdoctoral fellow Charilaos "Harris" Mousoulis.

Being able to study a cell's internal workings in fine detail would likely yield insights into the physical and biochemical responses to its environment. The technology, which combines an atomic force microscope and nuclear magnetic resonance system, could help researchers study individual cancer cells, for example, to uncover mechanisms leading up to cancer metastasis for research and diagnostics.

The prototype's capabilities were demonstrated by taking nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of hydrogen atoms in water. Findings represent a proof of concept of the technology and are detailed in a research paper that appeared online April 11 in the journal Applied Physics Letters. The paper was co-authored by Mousoulis' research scientist Teimour Maleki, Babak Ziaie, a professor of electrical and computer engineering; and Neu.

"You could detect many different types of chemical elements, but in this case hydrogen is nice to detect because it's abundant," Neu said. "You could detect carbon, nitrogen and other elements to get more detailed information about specific biochemistry inside a cell."

An atomic force microscope (AFM) uses a tiny vibrating probe called a cantilever to yield information about materials and surfaces on the scale of nanometers, or billionths of a meter. Because the instrument enables scientists to "see" objects far smaller than possible using light microscopes, it could be ideal for studying molecules, cell membranes and other biological structures.

However, the AFM does not provide information about the biological and chemical properties of cells. So the researchers fabricated a metal microcoil on the AFM cantilever. An electrical current is passed though the coil, causing it to exchange electromagnetic radiation with protons in molecules within the cell and inducing another current in the coil, which is detected.

The Purdue researchers perform "mechanobiology" studies to learn how forces exerted on cells influence their behavior. In work focusing on osteoarthritis, their research includes the study of cartilage cells from the knee to learn how they interact with the complex matrix of structures and biochemistry between cells.

Future research might include studying cells in "microfluidic chambers" to test how they respond to specific drugs and environmental changes.

A U.S. patent application has been filed for the concept. The research has been funded by Purdue's Showalter Trust Fund and the National Institutes of Health.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Purdue University. The original article was written by Emil Venere.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Charilaos Mousoulis, Teimour Maleki, Babak Ziaie, Corey P. Neu. Atomic force microscopy-coupled microcoils for cellular-scale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Applied Physics Letters, 2013; 102 (14): 143702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4801318

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/ayYzbNTiLZE/130425160208.htm

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Vertus adds stereo Bluetooth to any pair of powered speakers... if they have a 3.5mm jack

Vertus adds stereo capability

Nowadays we're spoiled with options in the Bluetooth speaker market, and many of the high-end ones -- especially those from Soundfreaq and Nokia -- even feature dual-system streaming (DSS) that lets one speaker pair with another to enable true stereo playback. But if you already have a pair of old but nice-sounding speakers with 3.5mm input on both, then here's a quick and easy way to add Bluetooth to them. Dubbed Vertus, this Kickstarter project features the above pair of receivers based on CSR's TrueWireless Stereo, a nifty technology that's been made available since early 2009.

Similar to any DSS system, one of the Vertus dongles (the right channel, in this case) acts as the master to receive the stereo stream from a Bluetooth source, and then it'd throw the left-channel stream to the other dongle. So provided that your speakers have their own power source to amplify, it's just a matter of charging these aluminum dongles up (a single charge lasts up to 10 hours), plugging them in and then pairing the right receiver with your audio source. Simple! That said, at $120 this kit may struggle to gain traction in retail, so hopefully the audio quality will somewhat justify the price. Introductory video after the break.

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Source: Kickstarter

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/2HW-SJ0ONXs/

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Time Warner Cable shifts away from "triple play"

By Liana B. Baker

(Reuters) - Time Warner Cable Inc, the second-largest U.S. cable provider, will no longer push "triple play" packages of Internet, video and voice on its customers, a departure from the long-held industry practice of bundling the services together.

Time Warner Cable is the first cable company to acknowledge that customers would prefer to pay for television and Internet, as opposed to phone services where demand has been dwindling as people use their cellphones at home.

"In many cases we caused customers who didn't need or want phone to take a triple play offer just to get the triple play rates," Chief Operating Officer Rob Marcus told a conference call with investors on Thursday.

The cable industry faces a challenge from customers who consume an increasing amount of Internet video and subscribe to lower cost alternatives such as Netflix. Time Warner Cable issued earnings on Thursday that showed it lost a worse-than-expected 119,000 video customers in the first quarter.

It said the new strategy, which was rolled out in the first quarter, drove more customers to sign up for single or double play packages than before, while fewer people signed up for triple play than in the past.

Part of the rationale for the change is that customers will spend more when they feel they are using all their services, Marcus said.

"Many customers choose not to take phone but instead spent their money on incremental speeds and other ancillaries. That's good for us and good for our customers," Marcus said.

He said it would take time for the new pricing and packaging to deliver results but said that, so far, new customers were spending more than a year ago. Average revenue per subscriber was $104.84, up by $1.27 from the fourth quarter of last year.

Customers who want a "triple play" package with voice can still buy it and those bundles will still be marketed. But when potential customers call the company to sign up, the representatives will try to tailor a service package to what customers want, a spokesman added.

ISI Group cable analyst Vijay Jayant said Time Warner Cable was right to shift away from what has been a flagship offering for the industry since at least 2005, because consumer tastes are changing.

"In this environment, who really wants to pay for a wireline phone service?" Jayant said.

RESULTS

Time Warner Cable added only 143,000 high-speed data subscribers in the first quarter, far fewer than the 181,000 subscriber additions that analysts had expected, according to StreetAccount.

Time Warner Cable and its larger rival, Comcast Corp, have increasingly relied on internet customers for growth as they continue to lose cable-TV subscribers and grapple with rising programming costs.

Net income attributable to Time Warner Cable rose to $401 million, or $1.34 per share, in the first quarter, from $382 million, or $1.20 per share, a year earlier.

Excluding items, the company earned $1.41 per share, which beat analysts' average estimate of $1.37 per share.

Revenue rose about 6.6 percent to $5.48 billion, which fell short of analyst estimates of $5.49 billion

Shares of Time Warner Cable were down 0.5 percent to $92.30 in afternoon trading.

(Reporting by Liana B. Baker; Additional reporting by Aurindom Mukherjee in Bangalore; Editing by Saumyadeb Chakrabarty and Tim Dobbyn)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/time-warner-cable-revenue-rises-7-percent-101021326--finance.html

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Raytheon boosts earnings forecast after strong quarter

By Andrea Shalal-Esa

(Reuters) - Raytheon Co increased its forecast for 2013 on Thursday after a stronger-than-expected jump in first-quarter earnings, the only major arms company to do so despite fresh U.S. defense budget cuts.

Raytheon, the maker of Patriot missiles and a wide array of other military equipment, said it now expected earnings of $5.26 to $5.41 per share from continuing operations for the year, up from $5.16 to $5.31.

It also raised its forecast for full-year cash flow to $2.1 billion to $2.3 billion, up from $2.0 billion to $2.2 billion.

Shares added 0.4 percent to $58.38 in early trading

Chief Financial Officer David Wajsgras said U.S. bookings will likely be trimmed by $400 million to $600 million this year due to mandatory U.S. budget cuts, effective March 1. The estimate contained no surprises since it has been in discussions with Pentagon officials.

"We have been talking about sequestration for well over a year. What we see today is not really different from what we had been expecting," Wajsgras told Reuters in an interview.

First-quarter earnings from continuing operations rose 8.9 percent to $490 million from $450 million a year earlier, and earnings per share (EPS) increased to $1.49 from $1.33. Revenue edged lower to $5.88 billion from $5.93 billion.

Analysts had looked for EPS of $1.28 on revenues of $5.69 billion, according to a poll by Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.

Raytheon revised its revenue target for the full year downward slightly to a range of $23.2 billion to $23.7 billion - from $23.6 billion to $24.1 billion.

Wajsgras said Raytheon's results exceeded its expectations, adding that its businesses remained well-aligned with the U.S. government's priorities in missile defense, electronic warfare, cyber and intelligence gathering operations.

"We are confident in our ability to continue to perform well, even in a more difficult environment," he said.

Defense analyst Rob Stallard of RBC Capital Markets said the results were much better than expected. "The company continues to weather the storm in pretty good shape, helped in no small part by its significant exposure to defense exports," he said.

Bookings were sharply lower in the quarter, but Wajsgras said bookings would rise later in the year, when several large international orders come in. For the full year, Raytheon expects a book-to-bill ratio of 1-to-1, he said, reflecting orders received to orders shipped.

Its results were in line with trends seen across the defense industry this week. The main impact of mandatory across-the-board budget cuts were expected to be felt later this year or early next.

Wajsgras said Raytheon, which generates more revenue overseas than rivals, continued to see strong international demand, and international bookings were expected to rise 20 percent in 2013.

As a result, international sales would comprise about 27 percent to 29 percent of revenues in 2013.

As seen across the sector, Raytheon's adjusted operating margin rose 10 basis points to 13.2 percent in the quarter.

(Reporting By Andrea Shalal-Esa; Editing by Lisa Von Ahn, Alden Bentley and Jeffrey Benkoe)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/raytheon-boosts-earnings-forecast-strong-quarter-142114150--finance.html

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Many Who Got Thyroid Cancer After Chernobyl Still Alive: Study ...

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Source: http://www.16g.org/many-who-got-thyroid-cancer-after-chernobyl-still-alive-study/

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Politics on hold at the dedication of Bush library

DALLAS (AP) ? George W. Bush shed a sentimental tear. Barack Obama mused about the burdens of the office. Bill Clinton dished out wisecracks. Jimmy Carter and George H.W. Bush chimed in, too, on a rare day of harmony at the dedication of the younger Bush's presidential library that glossed over the hard edges and partisan divides of five presidencies spanning more than three tumultuous decades.

"To know the man is to like the man," Obama declared of his Republican predecessor, speaking Thursday before a crowd of 10,000 at an event that had the feel of a class reunion for the partisans who had powered the Bush administration from 2001 to 2009. Dick Cheney was there in a white cowboy hat. Condoleezza Rice gave shout-outs to visiting dignitaries. Colin Powell and Karl Rove were prominent faces in the crowd.

On this day, there was no mention of Iraq or Afghanistan, the wars that dominated Bush's presidency and so divided the nation. There were only gentle references to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. And praise aplenty for the resolve that Bush showed in responding to the 9/11 terror attacks.

Clinton joked that the dedication of the George W. Bush Presidential Center was "the latest, grandest example of the eternal struggle of former presidents to rewrite history." But he also praised Bush for including interactive exhibits at the center that invite visitors to make their own choices on major decisions that he faced.

Bush, 66, made indirect reference to the polarizing decision points of his presidency, drawing a knowing laugh as he told the crowd: "One of the benefits of freedom is that people can disagree. It's fair to say I created plenty of opportunities to exercise that right."

He said he was guided throughout his presidency by a determination "to expand the reach of freedom."

"It wasn't always easy, and it certainly wasn't always popular."

It was a day for family and sentimentality, Bush choking up with emotion at the conclusion of his remarks.

The 43rd president singled out his 88-year-old father, another ex-president, to tell him: "41, it is awesome that you are here today."

The elder Bush, wearing jaunty pink socks, spoke for less than a minute from his wheelchair, then turned to his son and quipped, "Too long?" He has a form of Parkinson's disease and has been hospitalized recently for bronchitis.

Just as the public tends to view presidents more kindly once they've left office, ex-presidents, too, tend to soften their judgments ? or at least their public comments ? with time.

Obama once excoriated Bush for his "failed policies" and "disastrous" handling of the economy, for expanding budget deficits, and for drawing the nation into war in Iraq.

On Thursday, he took a detour around those matters and instead praised Bush for his strength after 9/11, compassion in fighting HIV/AIDS in Africa, bipartisanship in pursuing education reforms and restarting "an important conversation by speaking with the American people about our history as a nation of laws and a nation of immigrants."

If the country is eventually able to enact immigration changes this year, Obama added, "it will be, in large part, thanks to the hard work of President George W. Bush."

Obama said the living presidents make up an exclusive club ? but it's more like a support group for the men who have held the position.

"No matter how much you may think you are ready to assume the office of the presidency, it's impossible to truly understand the nature of the job until it's yours," Obama said. "And that's why every president gains a greater appreciation for all of those who served before them."

The other presidents struck a similar tone.

Clinton praised Bush for his efforts to combat AIDS in Africa, his work on global health and even for the paintings he's doing in retirement. And he said he'd gotten so close to the Bush family that there were jokes that "I had become the black sheep son."

Carter praised Bush for his role in helping secure peace between North and South Sudan in 2005 and the "great contributions you've made to the most needy people on earth."

Bush has kept a decidedly low profile since leaving office four years ago with an approval rating of just 33 percent. That figure has been gradually climbing and now is at 47 percent ? about equal to Obama's own approval rating, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll released ahead of the library opening.

If politics was absent from the podium on Thursday, it was still a prominent subtext.

Those in attendance included a number of potential candidates for president in 2016 ? another Clinton (Hillary) and Bush (Jeb) among them.

George W. Bush in recent days played up the idea of his younger brother, the former governor of Florida, seeking the White House, telling C-SPAN, "My first advice is: Run."

Their mother, former first lady Barbara Bush, did the opposite.

"We've had enough Bushes," she said Thursday on NBC's "Today" show.

The presidential center at Southern Methodist University includes a library, museum and policy institute. It contains more than 70 million pages of paper records, 200 million emails, 4 million digital photos and 43,000 artifacts. Bush's library will feature the largest digital holdings of any of the 13 presidential libraries under the auspices of the National Archives and Records Administration.

A full-scale replica of the Oval Office as it looked during Bush's tenure sits on the campus, as does a piece of steel from the World Trade Center and the bullhorn that Bush used to punctuate the chaos at ground zero three days after 9/11. In the museum, visitors can gaze at a container of chads ? the remnants of the famous Florida punch card ballots that played a pivotal role in the contested 2000 election that sent Bush to Washington.

Laura Bush led the library's design committee, officials said, with a keen eye toward ensuring that the family's Texas roots were conspicuously reflected. Architects used local materials, including Texas Cordova cream limestone and trees from the central part of the state, in its construction.

___

Follow Josh Lederman on Twitter: http://twitter.com/joshledermanAP .

___

Associated Press writer Nancy Benac contributed from Washington.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/politics-hold-dedication-bush-library-200154350.html

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Matt Mitrione?s suspension is already over

UFC heavyweight Matt Mitrione was suspended on April 8 for his transphobic comments about trans fighter Fallon Fox. At the time, the UFC said they were "appalled" by his comments and said his words were "wholly unacceptable."

Yet now, on April 25, Mitrione is off suspension and has a fight scheduled. Mitrione will fight fellow "The Ultimate Fighter" castmember Brendan Schaub on the July 27 UFC on Fox 8 show.

122 days passed between Mitrione's last two fights. By the time he gets in the cage with Brendan Schaub at UFC on Fox 8, 112 days will have passed since his knockout of Philip de Fries. How is that a suspension?

Here we have the problem with MMA and suspensions. This isn't like football or basketball, where every athlete has the same amount of events, and a suspension of five games means the same thing for everyone. In MMA, some fighters fight once a year. Some fight four times a year. For a suspension to mean anything, it has to be for several months, and a fighter's ability to get in the cage must be affected.

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/matt-mitrione-suspension-already-over-191620820--mma.html

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Thursday 25 April 2013

Key cellular organelle involved in gene silencing identified

Apr. 25, 2013 ? RNA molecules, made from DNA, are best known for their role in protein production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), however, are short (~22) nucleotide RNA sequences found in plants and animals that do not encode proteins but act in gene regulation and, in the process, impact almost all biological processes -- from development to physiology to stress response.

Present in almost in every cell, microRNAs are known to target tens to hundreds of genes each and to be able to repress, or "silence," their expression. What is less well understood is how exactly miRNAs repress target gene expression.

Now a team of scientists led by geneticists at the University of California, Riverside has conducted a study on plants (Arabidopsis) that shows that the site of action of the repression of target gene expression occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle that is an interconnected network of membranes -- essentially, flattened sacs and branching tubules -- that extends like a flat balloon throughout the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.

"Our study is the first to demonstrate that the ER is where miRNA-mediated translation repression occurs," said lead researcher Xuemei Chen, a professor of plant cell and molecular biology and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator. "To understand how microRNAs repress target gene expression, we first need to know where microRNAs act in the cell. Until now no one knew that membranes are essential for microRNA activity. Our work shows that an integral membrane protein, AMP1, is required for the miRNA-mediated target gene repression to be successful. As AMP1 has counterparts in animals, our findings in plants could have broader implications."

Study results appear today in the journal Cell.

Simply put, DNA makes RNA, and then RNA makes proteins. Specifically, RNA encodes genetic information that can be "translated" into the amino acid sequence of proteins. But noncoding RNAs -- RNAs that do not encode proteins -- are increasingly found to act in numerous biological processes. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs whose main function is to downregulate gene expression.

Research on miRNAs has increased tremendously since they were first identified about 20 years ago. In the case of diseases, if some genes are up- or down-regulated, miRNAs can be used to change the expression of these genes to fight the diseases, thus showing therapeutic potential.

MicroRNAs are known to regulate target genes by two major modes of action: they either destabilize the target RNAs, leading to their degradation, or they do not impact the stability of the target RNAs, but simply prevent them from being translated into proteins -- a process known as translation inhibition. The end result of translation inhibition is that the genes do not get expressed. Just how miRNAs cause translational inhibition of their target genes is not well understood.

"We were surprised that the ER is required for the translational inhibition activity of miRNAs," Chen said. "This new knowledge will expedite our understanding of the mechanism of gene silencing. Basically, now we know where to look: the ER. We also suspect it is the rough ER portions that are involved."

Chen explained that the ER has two types: rough and smooth. Rough ER, which synthesizes and packages proteins, looks bumpy; smooth ER, which acts in lipid synthesis and protein secretion, resembles tubes. The ER protein AMP1, she said, is anchored in the rough ER.

"My lab has been conducting research on AMP1 for many years," she said. "And it's this protein that drew our attention to the ER. First, we realized that AMP1 is involved in miRNA-mediated translational inhibition. Then, since we already knew that AMP1 is localized in the rough ER, we shifted our focus to this organelle."

Next, her lab will attempt to crack the mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational inhibition. They will investigate, too, how miRNAs are recruited to the ER.

Chen was joined in the study by Shengben Li (first author of the research paper), Lin Liu, Xigang Liu, Yu Yu, Lijuan Ji and Natasha Raikhel at UC Riverside; Xiaohong Zhuang and Liwen Jiang at the Chinese University of Hong Kong; Xia Cui and Xiaofeng Cao at the Chinese Avademy of Sciences, Beijing; Zhiqiang Pan at the University of Mississippi; Beixin Mo at Shenzhen University, China; and Fuchun Zhang at Xinjiang University, China.

The study was supported by grants to Chen from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Riverside. The original article was written by Iqbal Pittalwala.

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/hP4uiZtvpTo/130425132656.htm

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Wednesday 24 April 2013

Video: Florio: Jets weren't interested in Revis

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Video: Courting Revis

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Iran offers to be West's "reliable partner" in Middle East

By Stephanie Nebehay

GENEVA (Reuters) - Iran said on Tuesday it would be a "reliable partner" in the Middle East if Western countries would take a more cooperative approach in talks on its nuclear program.

Western powers blame tension with Iran in part on its refusal to fully cooperate with United Nations calls for curbs on its nuclear activity to ensure it is for peaceful purposes only, and to open up to investigations by U.N. inspectors.

Ali Asghar Soltanieh, Iran's ambassador to the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency, said U.S. and European policies, including extensive sanctions on the Islamic Republic, were bound to fail.

"Western countries are advised to change gear from confrontation to cooperation, the window of opportunity to enter into negotiation for long-term strategic cooperation with Iran, the most reliable, strong and stable partner in the region, is still open," Soltanieh told a meeting in Geneva on the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

Soltanieh offered no specifics on how Iran could move to a cooperative dialogue with the West, which has demanded concrete Iranian action to allay international concern that it is trying to develop the means to produce nuclear weapons.

Thomas Countryman, chief U.S. delegate to the NPT talks, said on Monday that Iran's nuclear program poses the greatest threat to the credibility of the NPT, which aims to halt the spread of nuclear weapons.

Soltanieh said Iran was determined to pursue "all legal areas of nuclear technology, including fuel cycle and enrichment technology, exclusively for peaceful purposes" and this would be carried out under International Atomic Energy Agency supervision.

"Hostile policies of Western countries, including dual track, carrot and stick, sanctions-and-talks policies are doomed to failure," he said.

The IAEA said on Tuesday it will hold a meeting with Iran on May 15 aimed at enabling its inspectors to resume a stalled investigation into suspected nuclear bomb research.

Israel suggested on Monday it would be patient before taking any military action against Iran's nuclear program, saying during a visit by U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel there was still time for other options.

Israel has long hinted at possible military strikes to deny its arch-adversary any means to make a nuclear bomb, while efforts by six world powers to find a negotiated solution with Iran have proved unsuccessful so far.

NUCLEAR-FREE ZONE

Iran and its ally Syria called for a conference aimed at banning nuclear weapons in the Middle East and urged major powers to stop helping Israel to acquire nuclear technology.

The talks, which were supposed to be held last December in Helsinki after being agreed at a 2010 NPT conference, were postponed without a new date being set.

Israel is widely believed to be the Middle East's only nuclear-armed power but neither confirms nor denies having such weapons.

Soltanieh, in an apparent reference to Israel which has not joined the NPT regime, said: "Iran is paying a heavy price for its membership and full commitment to the NPT while others outside the treaty are exempted from any inspection and sanctions, but receiving full nuclear cooperation of western countries, specifically the U.S. and Canada."

Syria's Faysal Khabbaz Hamoui said: "The Israeli nuclear arsenals increase tension in an already explosive situation."

"We call on states, parties, especially nuclear states, to stop their support to Israel in developing its nuclear capabilities and prohibit providing it with nuclear technology. This should help pave the way for a zone free of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons in the Middle East," he said.

(Reporting by Stephanie Nebehay; Editing by Jon Hemming)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/iran-offers-wests-reliable-partner-mideast-131919179.html

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Reinforcing Safety with an Electronic Message Board Program

Reinforcing Safety with an Electronic Message Board Program

By Jude Carter

Sanitation workers consistently make it onto the list of the top 10 most dangerous occupations as tracked by The Bureau of Labor Statistics. It?s no wonder since they are often working in the dark, carrying heavy loads, working in traffic, handling hazardous materials, maneuvering large trucks in tight spaces and battling fatigue. Communication is a key factor in reinforcing safe behavior, yet reaching workers can be challenging when they spend most of their time on the road.

Increasingly, solid waste companies are installing electronic message boards at their facilities as a way to improve communication. The need for a mobile communications option is also becoming critical with the rapid growth of smart phone and tablet use. Most companies underestimate what?s involved in developing an effective program. There are three components to a successful deployment?

Click here to download the full article.


Jude Carter is Director of Marketing for The Marlin Company (Wallingford, CT). Her expertise includes all aspects of marketing, new business development, sales management and strategic planning. She joined The Marlin Company in 2005. As Director of Marketing, she is responsible for developing and executing the company?s integrated marketing strategy, which includes brand awareness, lead generation, direct marketing, events, PR, business development support and training. Jude can be reached at (800) 344-5901 or visit www.themarlincompany.com.

Nanaimo Arts | Entertainment | Progressions 2013 - Harbour Living

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Tuesday, April 23rd, 2013
6:30 AM

The 35th annual exhibition, Progressions, celebrates the artistic accomplishment and unique vision of Vancouver Island University Art and Design students in the Visual Arts, Interior Design and Graphic Design programs.

Juried by Art and Design faculty and curated by art and design students, Progressions showcases the quality and breadth of artistic expression across the three programs in the upper and lower campus Gallery (Bldg. 330), Department of Art and Design (Bldg. 325), and Theatre Department (Bldg. 310).

Interior Design students exemplify their skills showcasing elegant floor plans and unique spatial design solutions for corporate, business and non-profit sectors in the lobby of the Malaspina Theatre, building 310. Graphic Design students present their visual problem solving and design solutions through typography, illustration, layout, digital media and photography in the hallways and classrooms on the 2nd floor of the Art and Design building 325. Upper-level Visual Art students display a broad range of media including ceramics, digital and mixed media, painting, photography and sculpture in the upper and lower campus Nanaimo Art Gallery, building 330.

Progressions 2013 shows from April 22 to May 11 with the opening reception on Tuesday, April 23. Doors open at 6:00pm, and the awards ceremony will begin at 6:30pm in the Malaspina Theatre (Bldg. 310), followed by an exhibition of student work in the Department of Art and Design (Bldg. 325), and the campus Nanaimo Art Gallery (Bldg. 330). Refreshments will be served.

Everyone is welcome to the event, including all VIU students,
faculty, family, friends, and community members.

For further information, contact Ellen McCluskey (ellen.mccluskey@viu.ca)

Source: http://www.harbourliving.ca/event/progressions-2013150/2013-04-23/

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Infants' sweat response predicts aggressive behavior as toddlers

Apr. 23, 2013 ? Infants who sweat less in response to scary situations at age 1 show more physical and verbal aggression at age 3, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

Lower levels of sweat, as measured by skin conductance activity (SCA), have been linked with conduct disorder and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. Researchers hypothesize that aggressive children may not experience as strong of an emotional response to fearful situations as their less aggressive peers do; because they have a weaker fear response, they are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior.

Psychological scientist Stephanie van Goozen of Cardiff University and colleagues wanted to know whether the link between low SCA and aggressive behaviors could be observed even as early as infancy.

To investigate this, the researchers attached recording electrodes to infants' feet at age 1 and measured their skin conductance at rest, in response to loud noises, and after encountering a scary remote-controlled robot. They also collected data on their aggressive behaviors at age 3, as rated by the infants' mothers.

The results revealed that 1 year-old infants with lower SCA at rest and during the robot encounter were more physically and verbally aggressive at age 3.

Interestingly, SCA was the only factor in the study that predicted later aggression. The other measures taken at infancy -- mothers' reports of their infants' temperament, for instance -- did not predict aggression two years later.

These findings suggest that while a physiological measure (SCA) taken in infancy predicts aggression, mothers' observations do not.

"This runs counter to what many developmental psychologists would expect, namely that a mother is the best source of information about her child," van Goozen notes.

At the same time, this research has important implications for intervention strategies:

"These findings show that it is possible to identify at-risk children long before problematic behavior is readily observable," van Goozen concludes. "Identifying precursors of disorder in the context of typical development can inform the implementation of effective prevention programs and ultimately reduce the psychological and economic costs of antisocial behavior to society."

Co-authors on this research include Erika Baker, Katherine Shelton, Eugenia Baibazarova, and Dale Hay of Cardiff University.

This research was supported by studentships from the School of Psychology, Cardiff University, and by a grant from the Medical Research Council.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Association for Psychological Science.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. E. Baker, K. H. Shelton, E. Baibazarova, D. F. Hay, S. H. M. van Goozen. Low Skin Conductance Activity in Infancy Predicts Aggression in Toddlers 2 Years Later. Psychological Science, 2013; DOI: 10.1177/0956797612465198

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/RDqcrJSHhhk/130423135714.htm

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Google Buys Wavii For North Of $30 Million

Screen Shot 2013-04-23 at 12.27.37 PMGoogle has finally closed the deal on Wavii, a natural language processing startup, for a price that is more than $30 million, we're hearing from a legitimate source. Both Apple and Google were competing for the Seattle-based startup, and Google eventually won. Apple wanted the company, which developed its own aggregation technology and natural summarization algorithms, for its Siri division. The 25-person-strong team including founder Adrian Aoun will be moving down from Seattle to join Google's Knowledge Graph division.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/w4gtkjohp7U/

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Hutchison not targeting Telecom Italia fixed network: source

By Lisa Jucca and Paola Arosio

MILAN (Reuters) - Hutchison Whampoa is targeting Telecom Italia's mobile business and would not oppose a spin-off of its fixed-line network, thus removing a major political hurdle to a deal, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters.

Italy's biggest phone operator and the Hong Kong-based conglomerate are in preliminary contacts over a possible tie-up that would see Hutchison owning 29.9 percent of Telecom Italia after selling its 3 Italia mobile business to the group and buying out some other shareholders.

Yet some Italian politicians have voiced their opposition to the idea of a foreign company ending up owning the country's fixed line telecoms network, considered a strategic national asset over which the Treasury has veto powers.

"The Chinese want to do this deal on the third and fourth generation mobile business. They are not interested in the fixed-line business," the source said.

If Telecom Italia was to carve out its fixed line network, "there should not be any political hurdles to the Chinese possibly taking over control (of Telecom Italia)," the source added.

Shares in Telecom Italia were up 2 percent at 0.5785 euros by 1349 GMT, off an earlier high for the session of 0.5855 euros.

Telecom Italia is currently assessing the feasibility of spinning off the fixed-line network, which analysts value at between 12 billion euros and 15 billion euros ($16-20 billion).

Analysts at Nomura said earlier in April Hutchison's interest in Telecom Italia might evaporate if the cash generating network is not included in any merger deal.

Several sources close to the situation said last week state-owned fund Cassa Depositi e Prestiti is the frontrunner to take a significant minority stake in the network business, which would take on a portion of Telecom Italia's debt, now exceeding 28 billion euros.

VALUATION

Meanwhile a valuation still needs to be agreed for 3 Italia, considered the weakest of Italy's four mobile operators, competing against Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM), Vodafone and Vimpelcom's Wind. Analysts reckon it could still be worth 1.5 to 2 billion euros.

The source said that a valuation of 1.5 billion euros for 3 Italia was "reasonable".

Taking on 3 Italia makes strategic sense for Telecom Italia as the deal would generate significant cost synergies and eliminate a competitor in a sector that is struggling under falling margins and a deep economic recession in Italy.

The new mobile group, which would end up with a market share of about 45 percent, will inevitably face antitrust concerns. But the competition remedies Telecom Italia is likely to face are not big enough to stifle a deal, the source said.

"This (the antitrust issue) is not a big problem even though the procedure is complex. The mobile phone market is very competitive, even without 3 Italia," the source said. "The main problem is the valuation of 3 Italia."

Telecom Italia declined to comment while a spokesman for Hutchison in Hong Kong would only say that "contacts between Telecom Italia and 3 Italia on possible business combinations are still very preliminary and of an exploratory nature."

A spokeswoman for Italy's competition regulator said the watchdog does not comment on prospective deals.

The source also dismissed media reports saying Hutchison would end up with a maximum 10 percent stake in Telecom Italia.

"The Chinese do not want a minority stake in Telecom, they want control. The 10 percent of Telecom Italia is what 3 Italia may be worth after an asset swap. Hutchison would buy the rest," said the source.

That 10 percent implies a valuation for Telecom Italia shares of close to 1.2 euros, equivalent to the book value of the stock in the accounts of the main shareholding consortium Telco and nearly twice the current market price.

Earlier in April Telecom Italia asked a committee of directors led by Chairman Franco Bernabe to determine whether to go ahead with formal merger talks with Hutchison.

The source said a decision on whether to open formal talks is expected by a May 8 Telecom Italia board meeting on results.

The board is controlled by representatives of Telco, a shell company owned by Italian banks Mediobanca and IntesaSanpaolo, Italian insurer Generali and Spanish telecoms rival Telefonica.

Intesa's chief executive Enrico Cucchiani said on Monday that an offer from Hutchison could be interesting and needed to be evaluated carefully before taking any decision.

"As for all offers it would be irresponsible and unprofessional not to do so," Cucchiani said at his bank's annual shareholder meeting in Turin.

Telco is the biggest shareholder in Telecom Italia with a 22.4 percent stake, followed by investor Marco Fossati with nearly 5 percent. ($1=0.7644 euros)

(Additional reporting by Gianluca Semeraro in Turin; Editing by Greg Mahlich)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hutchison-not-targeting-telecom-italia-fixed-network-source-135839165--sector.html

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US team to speak to Boston suspects' parents

ALTERNATIVE CROP OF MOSB107 - Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, mother of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the two men accused of setting off bombs near the Boston Marathon finish line on April 15, 2013 in Boston, walks near her home in Makhachkala, Dagestan, southern Russia, Tuesday, April 23, 2013. The Tsarnaev brothers are accused of setting off the two bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded more than 200. Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a gun battle with police. His 19-year-old brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was later captured alive, but badly wounded. (AP Photo/Ilkham Katsuyev)

ALTERNATIVE CROP OF MOSB107 - Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, mother of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the two men accused of setting off bombs near the Boston Marathon finish line on April 15, 2013 in Boston, walks near her home in Makhachkala, Dagestan, southern Russia, Tuesday, April 23, 2013. The Tsarnaev brothers are accused of setting off the two bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded more than 200. Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a gun battle with police. His 19-year-old brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was later captured alive, but badly wounded. (AP Photo/Ilkham Katsuyev)

Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, mother of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the two men who set off bombs near the Boston Marathon finish line on April 15, 2013 in Boston, walks with an unidentified man near her home in Makhachkala, Dagestan, southern Russia, Tuesday, April 23, 2013. The Tsarnaev brothers are accused of setting off the two bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded more than 200. Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a gun battle with police. His 19-year-old brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was later captured alive, but badly wounded. (AP Photo/Ilkham Katsuyev)

Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, mother of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the two men accused of setting off bombs near the Boston Marathon finish line on April 15, 2013 in Boston, is besieged by reporters as she walks with an unidentified man near her home in Makhachkala, Dagestan, southern Russia, Tuesday, April 23, 2013. The Tsarnaev brothers are accused of setting off the two bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded more than 200. Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a gun battle with police. His 19-year-old brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was later captured alive, but badly wounded. (AP Photo/Ilkham Katsuyev)

MOSCOW (AP) ? U.S. investigators traveled to southern Russia on Tuesday to speak to the parents of the two Boston bombing suspects, a U.S. Embassy official said.

The parents of Tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev are in Dagestan, a predominantly Muslim province in Russia's Caucasus, where Islamic militants have waged an insurgency against Russian security sources for years.

The trip by the U.S. team was made possible because of Russian government cooperation with the FBI investigation into the bombing at the Boston Marathon, the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not permitted to speak publicly.

The brothers are accused of setting off the bombs that killed three people and wounded more than 180 others on April 15. Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was killed in a police shootout, while his 19-year-old brother was captured alive but badly wounded.

The embassy official said he could not confirm whether the U.S. investigators had already talked to the parents.

But a lawyer for the family said Tuesday that the parents had just seen pictures of the mutilated body of their elder son and were not up to speaking with anyone at the moment.

"Naturally, the parents are not ready to meet with anyone because the grief is enormous." Zaurbek Sadakhanov told a crowd of journalist in Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan. "They ... are asking to be left alone, at least for a while, to be able to recover. As to the case, I think that detectives and policemen in the United States are knowledgeable and will find out what happened in an objective and unbiased way."

The suspects' mother, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, wearing a long black dress and bright yellow headscarf, appeared publicly outside her home for the first time since her sons were named as the bombing suspects. She was ushered past journalists and into a taxi, which sped away.

Heda Saratova, a human rights activist, also asked for the family to be left alone. "The mother is in very bad shape," Saratova said. "She watches the video (of her dead son) and cries."

The mother is from Dagestan, while the suspects' father is from neighboring Chechnya. Their sons had spent little time in either place before the family moved to the U.S. a decade ago, but the elder son was in Russia for six months last year.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-04-23-Russia-Boston%20Suspects/id-0bdb814740374549a2be359c985de3ef

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Tuesday 23 April 2013

Mississippi man in ricin letter probe released on bond

By Robbie Ward

TUPELO, Mississippi (Reuters) - A Mississippi man charged with sending toxic letters to President Barack Obama and a U.S. senator was released from jail on Tuesday, the U.S. Marshals Service said.

Paul Kevin Curtis, 45, was released on bond, Jeff Woodfin, chief deputy with the U.S. Marshals Service in Oxford, Mississippi, told Reuters.

His release came as court documents showed that a judge indefinitely postponed a hearing on his detention scheduled for Tuesday, but the charges against Curtis had not been dropped.

The U.S. attorney handling the case, William Chadwick Lamar, declined to comment.

Curtis was arrested last Wednesday at his home in Corinth, Mississippi. He was charged with mailing letters to Obama, U.S. Senator Roger Wicker of Mississippi and a state judge containing a substance that preliminarily tested positive for ricin, a highly lethal poison made from castor beans.

The letters were intercepted by authorities before they reached their destinations.

Over the weekend, investigators searched Curtis' home, his vehicle and his ex-wife's home, but failed to find any incriminating evidence, one of his defense lawyers, Christi McCoy, told the Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal.

The poison scare put Washington on edge during the same week the Boston Marathon bombings occurred.

Curtis, known in Mississippi as an Elvis impersonator, was held in the Lafayette County Detention Center prior to his release. He was charged with threatening to harm Obama and using the mail to make other threats.

In a statement last week, his family said they had not been shown any evidence of the charges against him, but added that Curtis suffers from a long history of mental illness.

Type written on yellow paper, the three letters contained the same eight-line message, according to an affidavit from the FBI and the Secret Service filed in court.

"Maybe I have your attention now / Even if that means someone must die," the letters read in part, according to the affidavit. The letters ended: "I am KC and I approve this message."

The initials "KC" led law enforcement officials to ask Wicker's staff if they were aware of any constituents with those initials and the focus of the investigation then turned to Curtis, the affidavit said.

If convicted, Curtis could face maximum penalties of 15 years in prison and $500,000 in fines plus three years of supervised release.

Another of Curtis' attorneys, Philip Halbert Neilson, said that, although his client was released on bond it was not immediately clear if charges against him would be dropped.

"I think it would be premature for me to say at this time," Neilson said, when asked whether he anticipated the dropping of charges.

"We're certainly hoping so and we're certainly working toward that. We are absolutely certain our client is innocent of all charges."

Neilson said he and McCoy were planning to hold a news conference later Tuesday.

(Reporting by Kevin Gray, David Adams and Tom Brown; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick and Andre Grenon)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mississippi-man-ricin-letter-probe-released-jail-bond-180310607.html

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Napolitano: DHS knew of Boston bomber Russia trip

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, April 23, 2013, before the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on immigration reform. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, April 23, 2013, before the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on immigration reform. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, April 23, 2013, before the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on immigration reform. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Senate Judiciary Committee member Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz., center, flanked by Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, right, and Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, questions Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano on Capitol Hill in Washington, Tuesday, April 23, 2013, during the committee's hearing on immigration reform. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said Tuesday that her agency knew of alleged Boston bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev's trip to Russia last year even though his name was misspelled on a travel document. A key lawmaker had said that the misspelling caused the FBI to miss the trip.

Napolitano's disclosure came as news to Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who told the secretary that it contradicted what he'd been told by the FBI.

"They told me that they had no knowledge of him leaving or coming back so I would like to talk to you more about this case," Graham told Napolitano as she testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on sweeping immigration legislation.

Napolitano said that even though Tsarnaev's name was misspelled, redundancies in the system allowed his departure to be captured by U.S. authorities in January 2012. But she said that by the time he came back six months later, an FBI alert on him had expired and so his re-entry was not noted.

"The system pinged when he was leaving the United States. By the time he returned all investigations had been closed," Napolitano said.

The Russia trip is now seen as potentially important to determining how and when Tamerlan Tsarnaev, the older Boston bomber who died in a firefight with police, apparently became radicalized, and whether he had ties to others.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev was investigated by the FBI at Russia's request and his name was included in a federal government travel-screening database after that, law enforcement officials have told The Associated Press. One official told the AP that by the time of the flight Tsarnaev would have faced no additional scrutiny because the FBI had by that time found no information connecting him to terrorism.

The testimony came during the third Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on sweeping immigration legislation. As at the previous two hearings, the proceedings were overshadowed by the events in Boston.

Napolitano also defended the security procedures that occur when someone applies for asylum to the U.S., as the Tsarnaev family did about a decade ago. She described an extensive process with multiple screenings.

She said any asylum applicant is thoroughly interviewed and vetted, run through databases, fingerprinted and vetted again when they become eligible for a green card and ultimately citizenship.

Napolitano also said the process has improved in recent years. And she said the new immigration bill would build on that.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2013-04-23-US-Immigration/id-9836b31ddd9e4f21adda6103b60df188

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Monday 22 April 2013

Energy-Harvesting Street Tiles Generate Power from Pavement Pounder

PARIS?On April 7, 2013, Kenya?s Peter Some won the 37th Paris Marathon with a time of 2:05:38. A surprise winner, Some missed the event record by only 27 seconds, thus depriving him of a place in running history. He need not have worried; unknown to him and thousands of fellow marathoners, they were all nonetheless part of a historic event. As they ran across the Avenue des Champs ?lys?es and thumped their feet on 176 special tiles laid on a 25-meter stretch, the athletes generated electricity. These special ?energy harvesting tiles? were developed by London-based Pavegen Systems. The power thus generated can be used to run low-voltage equipment such as streetlights and vending machines. The concept is the brainchild of Laurence Kemball-Cook, who founded Pavegen in 2009 to commercialize it. ?The Paris Marathon is the first of many such projects that will enable us to realize our goal of taking this technology to retail sites, transport hubs, office blocks and infrastructure spaces,? he says. Pavegen uses what it calls a hybrid black box technology to convert the energy of a footstep into electricity, which is either stored in a battery or fed directly to devices. A typical tile is made of recycled polymer, with the top surface made from recycled truck tires. A foot stomp that depresses a single tile by five millimeters produces between one and seven watts. These tiles generate electricity with a hybrid solution of mechanisms that include the piezoelectric effect (an electric charge produced when pressure is exerted on crystals such as quartz) and induction, which uses copper coils and magnets. The marathon runners generated 4.7 kilowatt-hours of energy, enough to power a five-watt LED bulb for 940 hours, or 40 days. ?We came together for Paris Marathon to highlight how technology is really going to change the way people think about energy,? says Joe Hart, senior vice president of Segment & Solution Marketing at Schneider Electric. Easy power collection sounds promising, but implementation is challenging. As Kemball-Cook says, ?Installing the tiles in the ground is one of the hardest things to do as they have to be very durable, weather resistant and should have high fatigue resistance as well. Also, these tiles could get vandalized.? Hart says that in a couple of years, Pavegen?s technology could become visible and apparent in a number of areas, not only as power units but also in security applications. ?Each of those tiles has wireless capability?using which, we can analyze movement and optimize floor management.? Pavegen is not alone in harvesting human kinetic energy to generate electricity. Max Donelan, founder of Canada-based Bionic Power, which has developed a wearable knee brace that harvests energy while walking, says the braces ?can be useful when you need electricity without having to rely on the power grid. For example, our knee braces are being developed for military use in places like Afghanistan where battery cells are exorbitantly expensive.? Energy-harvesting tiles may be just one step for man, but taking many such steps may lead to a more powerful and sustainable future. Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/energy-harvesting-street-tiles-generate-power-pavement-pounder-120000227.html

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Sunday 21 April 2013

The Finish Line: What the bombing was like

This Monday, April 15, 2013 photo provided by Mark Fratto shows his wife, runner Courtney Fratto, and their son Gavin, 3, at mile 20 during the Boston Marathon in Boston. Fratto finished the race just seconds before the first bomb exploded. When the bomb went off just after she crossed the finish line, she ran for safety instead of to the injured. Fratto, a nurse who is the coordinator of intestinal transplants in the Pediatric Transplant Center at Boston Children's Hospital, wishes she could have reacted the way a number of others did. "I could see there was mass casualties," she said. "I have this very horrible guilt that I didn't run and help them.'' (AP Photo/Mark Fratto)

This Monday, April 15, 2013 photo provided by Mark Fratto shows his wife, runner Courtney Fratto, and their son Gavin, 3, at mile 20 during the Boston Marathon in Boston. Fratto finished the race just seconds before the first bomb exploded. When the bomb went off just after she crossed the finish line, she ran for safety instead of to the injured. Fratto, a nurse who is the coordinator of intestinal transplants in the Pediatric Transplant Center at Boston Children's Hospital, wishes she could have reacted the way a number of others did. "I could see there was mass casualties," she said. "I have this very horrible guilt that I didn't run and help them.'' (AP Photo/Mark Fratto)

This image taken and provided by Lucas Carr shows the blood-stained shoes he was wearing during the Boston Marathon, on Monday, April 15, 2013. Army Sgt. Lucas Carr arrived at the finish at 2:48 p.m., and was standing with his girlfriend about 50-yards away when the bombs went off about a minute later. "I knew what it was, knew what the repercussions were," he said. He told his girlfriend to run west, back onto the race course, because he knew everyone else was running the other way. The second bomb, he suspected, was placed where it was because it was along the most obvious escape route for those trying to flee the first. A few seconds later, he was in the melee _ an Army Ranger back in the middle of the blood and casualties he thought he'd left for good when he came home from the Middle East. (AP Photo/Lucas Carr)

FILE - In this Monday, April 15, 2013 file photo, medical workers aid injured people at the finish line of the 2013 Boston Marathon following an explosion in Boston. Runner Lucas Carr can be seen in the upper center of the photo in the yellow Boston Bruins shirt. Carr, an Army Sergeant who served in the middle east, assisted several of the injured by applying tourniquets. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa, File)

This Monday, April 15, 2013 photo provided by Jill Riley shows runner Linda Racicot just a few yards from the finish line during the Boston Marathon in Boston. Racicot finished the Boston Marathon just seconds before the first bomb exploded. She turned 46 on Thursday and just feels happy to be alive. (AP Photo/Jill Riley)

This Monday, April 15, 2013 photo provided by Jeff Lazzarino shows runner Andrew Dupee at mile 15 during the Boston Marathon in Wellesley, Mass. Dupee finished the Boston Marathon just seconds before the first bomb exploded. The private investment adviser at Howland Capital in Boston was running to raise money for charity and to do something special in the year he turned 40. (AP Photo/Jeff Lazzarino)

The woman wearing bib No. 19,255 was a flute instructor from Utah, listening to her son singing through her headphones as if the sound of his voice could somehow will her body the last few yards to the finish line.

Just ahead of her was a pediatric nurse running her first marathon as a tribute to a teenage liver transplant patient. Ten years earlier, Courtney Fratto had attended her first Boston Marathon and told a friend that one day she would run in the race.

This was her day.

The swarm of runners nearing the finish line as the clock ticked toward 3 in the afternoon included a medical supply salesman, a teacher's aide, a financial analyst in her 55th marathon, and a cop who would become the last recorded finisher of the 117th Boston Marathon.

This was their day, too.

On a gorgeous spring afternoon made for running they headed for the finish line that was their goal.

And at 2:50 p.m., hell was unleashed on the most prestigious marathon in the world.

The first explosion knocked a 78-year-old man running alongside them to the ground. The ground shook, smoke filled the air and the screaming began.

Erik Savage tried to make sense out of something that didn't make any sense. The blast had knocked him back, into a semi crouch. His ears ringing, he stood up and instinctively walked toward the chaos, trying to see if there was anyone he could help.

He saw a man and a woman emerge from the smoke. The man's pants had been torn off by the force of the blast.

"My first instinct was, 'Strange. Why is that man not wearing any pants?'" Savage said. "Then I had a quick moment of clarity, which was there was something very wrong and my wife and my 8-year-old and my 4-year-old were 25 yards up the road.

They were caught in a no man's land, eager to finish but even more eager to get out of harm's way. Exhausted, mentally numb and totally spent, they now had to make what could be life and death decisions and deal with shock, too. Their first thoughts were to try somehow to get to safety but they also had husbands, wives and children in the crowd near the bomb site with no way of knowing if they were OK.

Jennifer Herring had already finished her race, helped along by another runner who acted as her eyes on the course. She was in a collection area with other blind runners when the first bomb went off, followed by a second loud explosion.

Suddenly, everyone grew quiet. A guide dog named Smithers, a Golden Retriever, started shaking badly. They took turns petting him, trying to calm him down.

___

A total of 23,336 runners started the Boston Marathon, with 17,580 finishing. The Associated Press analyzed images and data, including the finishing times recorded by chips on competitors' bibs, over the past several days to pinpoint some of the runners who were in the finish line area when the bombs went off. These are some of their stories.

___

THE SERGEANT

Army Sgt. Lucas Carr had heard the all-too-familiar sounds before.

He arrived at the finish at 2:48 p.m., and was standing with his girlfriend about 50 yards away when the bombs went off.

"I knew what it was, knew what the repercussions were," he said.

He told his girlfriend to run west, back onto the race course, because he knew everyone else was running the other way. The second bomb, he suspected, was placed where it was because it was along the most obvious escape route for those trying to flee the first.

A few seconds later, he was in the melee ? an Army Ranger back in the middle of the blood and casualties he thought he'd left behind for good when he returned from the Middle East. Pictures of the 33-year-old helping the wounded have circulated widely in the wake of the bombing.

Another picture, texted to The Associated Press, showed his bloodstained running shoes. "This is not how a marathon is supposed to end. Running shoes drenched in blood!" was the message he sent along with the text.

"I saw things that brought back experiences overseas that I would never want to have anyone witness here," Carr said in an earlier AP interview. "It was an all-too-familiar smell that I can't get out of my body. Tourniquets, tourniquets and more tourniquets I put on people that day. People with limbs missing. You don't want to see that."

Carr was running in his sixth Boston Marathon, and his second to benefit the Boston Bruins Foundation.

A longtime hockey player, the Norwood, Mass., resident runs for Matt Brown, who was paralyzed in a high school game on Jan. 23, 2010. Brown, now in a wheelchair, is overcoming pneumonia and his doctor advised him to skip this year's race.

Carr says they'll both be in it next year. There's still work to be done.

"When it happened, in the aftermath, I felt helpless," he said. "You come home, you readjust, you feel happy for what you did. Then things like this happen and it puts a tainted memory on everything you did and puts you in a position of wanting to get answers now. But it makes you more resilient and vigilant than anything. My job was being a soldier. Everyone's job is being a soldier right now."

___

THE NURSE

Courtney Fratto wishes she could have reacted like Lucas Carr. She wishes she had made a different decision.

The 31-year-old mother of two is a nurse, the coordinator of intestinal transplants in the Pediatric Transplant Center at Boston Children's Hospital.

When the bomb went off just after she crossed the finish line, though, she ran for safety instead of to the injured.

"I could see there was mass casualties,'" she said. "I have this very horrible guilt that I didn't run and help them."

Fratto had just run 26 miles and wasn't thinking clearly. People around her were screaming at others to run and get out in case there was another bomb. Her husband and two young children were in the crowd somewhere near the explosion, and she wouldn't know they were safe for another hour.

Fratto, who lives in Watertown, had never run more than 7 miles in a race before. This was her first marathon, and she was doing it in tribute to a teenage liver transplant patient who asked her if he would ever be healthy enough to run a marathon himself.

Her moment of triumph was fleeting, lasting only a few seconds. Her conscience will bother her a lot longer.

"I feel terrible that I didn't go and help," she said. "I'm, like, haunted by it."

___

THE INVESTOR

Anger. Almost uncontrollable anger and rage.

Andrew Dupee felt it right away. He still feels it now.

The private investment adviser at Howland Capital in Boston was running to raise money for charity and to do something special in the year he turned 40. He had taken three steps over the finish line when he turned to an acquaintance to exchange congratulatory high fives.

The first explosion went off, and immediately he knew. It was a bomb, and someone was trying to kill people.

Dupee doubled over, his fists clenched. He screamed an expletive that probably only he heard.

He would never get his high five, never get to share a celebration with his fellow runners. Members of his team running behind him wouldn't even be allowed the satisfaction of finishing.

"There's nothing about my story particularly unique," Dupee said. "There are many, many other people suffering far, far more than I suffered. There are innocent children, innocent families whose lives will never be the same. The hurt, anger, pain and loss they must feel is a multitude of what I experienced."

____

THE MOTHER

After gutting through 26.2 miles, it's the last thing anyone wants to hear.

"It was just a bunch of people saying 'Run,'" Sue Gruner said.

Down alleyways. Up side streets. Wherever the police told her to go. Finally, she ended up at Copley Square, where she was reunited with her husband, Doug, who had cheered her on.

It was an hour of sheer fright.

"I kept looking side to side, wondering if another one was going to go off," Gruner said.

The Gruners made the trip from Hampshire, Ill., and the plan was to spend a week in Boston ? first for the marathon, then to see the sights and take in the history.

Instead, they returned home Tuesday, the day after the race. Speaking from her home Friday morning, while watching coverage of the manhunt for one of the bombers, Gruner realized what a good decision that was.

A mother of three, she used to go for quick runs after sending the kids to school. Once they got older, she got more serious about training for long-distance.

Boston turned out to be her seventh marathon. "Boston was always on my Bucket List," she said.

She came down the homestretch on the right side of the road, the opposite side of where the explosions occurred. She crossed the finish line at 2:50.

Though she's reluctant to say it, she concedes she feels "like it was my lucky seventh marathon."

"I feel so terrible for the people who are injured and the families who lost their loved ones. I feel so bad," Gruner said. "But when I think about it, I was like, 'Why was I running on the right side?' I don't know. I just feel so lucky that I was."

___

THE MUSICIAN

The heat from the first blast hit Cory Maxfield as she ran the last 75 yards to the finish line.

She felt the impact in her chest and it seemed like the ground was moving under her feet.

A few seconds earlier, the only thing going through Maxwell's mind was getting to the finish. Her iPod was on shuffle, but the song it picked was perfect. It was from Fictionist, her son's rock 'n' roll band, and it was just what she needed to make it over the line.

"I was excited about it because it has a lot of power and energy," the Utah musician said. "I'm so glad it came on when I needed a boost."

Maxfield kept heading toward the finish only to be stopped by a security official trying to get her out of harm's way. Around her it was chaos, with police drawing weapons, volunteers running the other way.

The second bomb went off behind her, and by then she was starting to figure out what was going on.

Her marathon turned into a sprint when someone yelled there was a shooter on the loose.

"For lack of a better plan I just took off and ran for my life and crossed the finish line," she said. "I guess that's not my finest moment but my inclination was to get out of there. I was frightened."

___

THE SCHOOL AIDE

Linda Racicot celebrated her 46th birthday Thursday. She cried that day watching President Obama in Boston, something not unusual for her in the days since the bombing.

She is proud to say she finished the Boston Marathon. She feels guilty, too.

"How can I be happy in my accomplishments when people died and people lost limbs?" she asked.

Her official race photos show her beneath a finish line clock that reads 4:09:29. When the first bomb goes off, the clock reads 4:09:43.

"As I turned I could see the runner go over, the 78-year-old man," she said. "I said to myself, that's a bomb, no question."

Racicot's husband was running a short way behind her, and she worried about him. She worried even more about her daughter and mother-in-law who were standing across from the blast site, outside the Lennox Hotel. In other years they always waited right where the explosion went off, but they switched last year so they could be spotted easier.

The school aide from Weymouth says she will run again, but it will never be the same.

"We're Boston strong," she said. "My daughter, though, will probably never go back. She was traumatized by the whole thing. I don't know if I could ask her to go back."

___

THE LAWYER MOM

"Right on Hereford, left on Boylston, I was almost at the finish."

Running her third Boston Marathon, Vivian Adkins was familiar with the route. She was familiar with the feeling runners get after passing the Mile 21 marker near the top of Heartbreak Hill ? will we ever call it that again? ? and thinking that the hardest part is behind her.

"As I was getting closer to the end, I was in a celebratory mood," she said in an interview. "Not because I had run such a good race ? actually, it was one of my slowest ? but because it was a culmination of years of dreams and accomplishments."

She was about 30 yards from the finish line when she heard the first explosion.

"I ran to the right side rails and crouched down on the ground with my hands over my head and rolled up into a ball. Then I heard the second explosion coming from behind me" she wrote on a bulletin board where she and her friends post summaries of their races. "I knew then I was in the midst of something really bad and got up and ran forward towards the finish line fully aware that I could be hit any moment. ... What did not cross my mind as I was crossing the finish line was that I had finished. I had crossed to what was, hopefully, safety and got past the worst of the carnage."

A lawyer turned stay-at-home mom, Adkins said that the 1,500-word posting, which she wrote on Wednesday morning and titled "Still Making Sense of Boston Marathon 2013," ''helped me to unwind my thoughts." She wrote about the excitement at the starting line, interrupted by a moment of silence for the victims of the Newtown, Conn., school shooting ? "the only reminder that the world is not such a peaceful place."

"But surely that evil would not pierce the marathon where the best of human endeavor is celebrated," she wrote. "It was inconceivable."

Four hours, 9 minutes, 39 seconds and more than 26 miles later, the first bomb went off in front of her. The second one exploded 13 seconds later, behind her. She saw a bundle of yellow balloons float to the sky; she would later recognize them, carried by a woman walking in front the two bombing suspects on the surveillance video playing in a seemingly endless loop on cable news.

She also saw a woman being carried out on a stretcher, "a trail of blood just spraying from her lower body."

"I broke down emotionally at how close I was to death," she wrote. "I recovered my senses enough to go through the motions of the Boston finish chute. My feelings were not those of a finisher; honestly, I didn't know what to think."

___

THE JUDGE

Four hours, 10 minutes, 16 seconds. That's the time stamped next to Roger McMillin's name at the Boston Marathon this year.

Maybe it shouldn't matter this year, but to McMillin, it does.

The retired chief judge of the Mississippi State Court of Appeals needed to break 4:10 to automatically qualify for a return trip to Boston to run in the 2014 marathon.

He was well on his way when he heard the first explosion rock the area near the finish line. Then the second.

"The first thing I remember was over on the side where the bomb went off," McMillin said. "They were trying to get the barricades apart and they couldn't. There were people falling over, people trying to climb over, people basically climbing over each other to get out. I saw one guy with his leg twisted up in and around the metal. I thought he'd end up with a broken leg, or maybe worse than that."

Away from the chaos, trying to find his belongings took nearly an hour of shuffling down alleyways, looking for a route to safety, to say nothing of the bus where his things were being held.

He found them. Dug his cellphone out of his bag to call his daughter, Sally, who was standing near Mile 21 ? at Heartbreak Hill ? to watch her dad make the climb for the third time. She was safe.

McMillin compares the high of running Boston to being invited to step onto the field moments before the Super Bowl starts.

"You've got all these elite runners, who are incredible," he said. "And for a little while at least, you're on the track with them for the same race. An incredible event. An incredible experience."

No newcomer to marathons, McMillin ran his first one, the Chicago Marathon, on Oct. 10, 2010.

"Ten-ten-ten," McMillin said. "I'll always remember that one."

This one, too.

He finished at 2:51 p.m. He would have easily beaten the 4:10 mark had he not slowed when the bombs went off. But his time ? 4:10:16 ? doesn't worry him all that much.

"I'll go run something else and get the time," he said. "Beforehand, I wanted to qualify to come back but I wasn't sure I would come back if I did. Now that all this has transpired, I have a fierce determination to come back one way or another.

"It's a tremendous part of the fabric of our country and we need to do what it takes to preserve it."

___

THE NEW ENGLANDER

Running toward the finish line, Erik Savage turned and ducked when he heard the second explosion. It left his ears ringing. When he stood up, he instinctively walked toward the chaos, trying to see if there was anyone he could help.

That's when he saw the man whose pants had been blown off, and thoughts quickly turned to his own family.

What ensued was what Savage called the "longest 30 minutes of my life. " He got repeated failed-call messages on his iPhone, which was nearly drained of battery because he had used it to listen to music during his four-hour run.

Finally, Savage moved toward a Starbucks on the corner of Berkeley and Boylston. His phone rang. His wife and kids were safe, scooped up by his brother-in-law and taken down an alley adjacent to the Lord and Taylor department store.

Savage grew up in Worcester, about 45 minutes from Boston, and the meaning of the marathon, the Red Sox game and all the other celebrations associated with Patriots' Day have special meaning to him.

"If you grew up next door, in Connecticut, you don't get it," he said. "If you grow up near Boston, you really do."

He said he was struck by the number of first-responders who made their way to the scene within moments of the blasts.

He's planning to run in the New York Marathon later this year and, if he can qualify for Boston next year, he'll be there, too.

"If I don't run I lose the battle," Savage said. "It's everything we fight for, everything that's meaningful in this country. I'll run and run with pride. That's what it means to me."

___

THE BLIND ATHLETES

Jennifer Herring and William Greer were part of the Team With A Vision, a group that raises money for the visually impaired through running. Both are legally blind, and both ran with other runners to guide them.

Herring, a 38-year-old senior software engineer for Abbott Point of Care Inc., had completed her 10th Boston Marathon 25 minutes earlier and was in a holding area waiting for other runners when the bombs went off.

"It was so loud that the dog was shaking and we didn't know what it was," she said in an email shared with the AP. "We were all petting the dog to calm him down not knowing what was going on."

Greer had just one thing on his mind after he completed the marathon and walked from the finish line, five minutes before the bombs went off. He was in the most prestigious marathon in the nation and he wanted his medal.

Greer got it ? just as the bombs went off.

"You've heard people say their stomach dropped? It was a physical feeling, my stomach became really hollow. I just realized how incredibly close I'd come to being right there when it went off."

Greer, who works with the Coalition of Texans with Disabilities in Austin, said he will be back to run again.

"It's a beautiful city and an incredible marathon," he said. "This tragedy will not keep me from running Boston again."

___

THE VETERAN

The Boston Marathon was also the 50th marathon for Jerry Dubner.

He heard the first explosion and saw the smoke just as he crossed the 26-mile mark.

A few seconds later, he heard and felt the second blast.

A seasoned veteran of the long-distance-running game, Dubner knew his limits when he crossed the finish at 2:51 p.m.

"I looked to my left, saw bodies on the ground and blood and realized I was in no position to help out, no condition to help out," Dubner said.

He got out safely, figuring the biggest contribution he could make would be to clear the way and let emergency workers do their job.

"I still have those images in my mind," said Dubner, 55, an actuary in Atlanta. "It really was kind of a surreal situation."

His training for this marathon, which also marked the 21st straight time he'd run the world-famous Boston race, did not go all that well.

"I was not in particularly good shape this year, hadn't trained as much as I usually do," he said. "I was running a lot slower than I usually do. So, just finishing the race was going to be an accomplishment for me. It was going to be an emotional finish for me, and it turns out, the emotion was a different one than what I expected."

___

THE TROOPER

Sean Haggerty was the last official finisher at the 2013 Boston Marathon.

It wasn't because he was the slowest.

The New Hampshire state police sergeant stopped before the finish line to help spectators who were wounded in the bombing. When he finally crossed, at 2:57 p.m. on Monday, he was pushing an injured woman to the medical tent in a wheelchair. He did not know he was the last one to record a time until he was told by a reporter three days later.

"I consider myself not completing the race. I didn't run to the finish line. I ran to offer assistance to those that needed it," said Haggerty, who reluctantly agreed to be interviewed this week.

"When I did have an opportunity, later on, to use someone's cellphone to call my wife and let her know that I was OK, she said she figured that I was because she got the (automated) text message that I had finished. I corrected her and said, 'I didn't finish, I didn't make it to the finish line.'"

He did, but only after he had helped several of the wounded. Haggerty seemed reluctant to talk to a reporter, and said several times during the interview, "I did what hundreds of other people did that day.

"I just happened to be in a position to help," he said. "I saw the initial blast and immediately thought of the evil in the world, but the response showed me that there is a bright spot to it and that is the actions of all the people that I was able to work beside. Those people that I saw who responded were not B.A.A. officials, they were not emergency responders, although they acted extraordinarily. They were ordinary people that were there to watch the race."

Haggerty helped, too.

He borrowed someone's belt and tied it around a woman's leg to help stop the bleeding. He said he has a way to get in touch with the injured woman, when the time is right.

"The focus should be on those people whose lives will be changed forever," he said. "I'll always remember and think about the people that lost their lives. I'll always remember and think about the people that go on with their lives; it will be a bigger challenge for them.

"I'll think about that next year," he said.

Because he will be back.

"It's obviously changed the Boston Marathon forever," said Haggerty, who has run Boston nine times, including the last five. "I certainly will be back next year, for a number of reasons, one of which is that I don't feel at all afraid to return to Boston. I'm confident in the law enforcement folks that are protecting the marathon and other events, not only in Boston but other parts of the world."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2013-04-20-ATH-Boston-Marathon-The-Finish-Line/id-ab19679e1db14e2bb22ef238dc7cd5a5

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